How much and how accurate do non-invasive blood glucose meters give accurate results?

How much and how accurate do non-invasive blood glucose meters give accurate results?

There is an exact difference between glucose concentrations (mg / dl) when blood samples are taken from the arteries, capillaries and veins of the same subject due to biologically dynamic conditions. Diabetes healthcare solution should be accurate and precise for glucose meter, as the dose of insulin is prescribed for patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing insulin therapy, which is based on a completely medically approved blood glucose (BG) meter range. It is important that the measured BG falls within the medically-acceptable accuracy area and, thus, the acceptable error grid.

It is important to monitor the calibration and accuracy evaluation of non-invasive BG meters that are used for BG concentration measurements and current state of the art.

Trueness is defined as the closeness of the agreement between the average value obtained from a large data set of iteration tests and an accepted reference value in accordance with ISO standard 5725. It has also been expressed as prejudice. The systematic error of a method is usually estimated by determining its brevity.

Clark Error Grid Analysis (EGA) was developed in 1987 to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a patient's BG estimates compared to BG values ​​obtained using a glucose meter. It was used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of BG estimates generated by the meter compared to the reference value. Details of the EGA appeared in 1987 in Diabetes Care. Finally, the EGA was accepted as one of the gold standards for determining the accuracy of BG meters.

There are two major methods used in BG measurement: color reflection method (photometric) and amperometric method (electrochemical sensor technique). The analog front-end reflection method uses optical sensors and amplifiers to determine the BG.
Aggressive blood sugar meter
Invasive glucose measuring meters follow the principle of amperometric or photometric end-point working. 2 bloodl - A blood sample of 3µl is used directly in the process. Depending on the type of diabetes mellitus of the subject, BG is measured at least one to four times a day.

The analogue of the reflection method uses front-end optical sensors such as LEDs, photo transistors and a trans-impedance amplifier. It uses the color reflection method based on the intensity of the reaction color in the reaction layer of the test strip by reflected photometry. The meter determines the amount of color change and determines a numerical value that represents the concentration of glucose (mg / dL) in the blood.
Non-invasive blood glucose meter
Modern technology based glucose meters are innovative. These are also known as indirect blood contact meters. Measuring non-invasive blood glucose is like the fairy tale of Rapunzel - a princess who acquires light emitting and non-invasive healing powers in her orbital long hair.

The non-invasive BG meter technology based on optoelectronics theory is free of blood samples and, thus, pain-free. Ideally, tissue samples are taken with fingers, fingers or earrings for non-invasive BG measurements.
Non-invasive measurement technology and equipment
Discussing optical non-invasive BG measurement methods and accuracy, the study presents strategies, non-invasive techniques and their evaluation. Among these methods, some have been patented, and some have shown promising accuracy. These are discussed below.

1. In 1991, Robert Rosenthal, Gaithersburg, US, registered patent number 5,077,476 for inventions related to non-invasive quantitative measurement of BG instruments and methods. More specifically, this patent provides a handheld BG analysis tool that includes a replacement cartridge with the data of a particular patient.

2. This quantitative analysis instrument measures BG non-invasively by conducting close analysis of IR (NIR) energy after interaction with venous or arterial blood, or transmits it through the body's blood. A replaceable cartridge stores data unique to the individual patient or user. The equipment is accurate and can be used at home for testing by diabetic patients.

3. The analysis tool includes a light-handed tool. It consists of a housing unit and a replacement cartridge, which includes the base unit. The data stored in the replacement cartridge can include a series of glucose readings and calibration constants, which are custom-calibrated for individual users.
Non-invasive measurement data analysis
In the following two cases of data analysis, orthogonal regression is used to introduce errors associated with the laboratory serum glucose method.

4. Clark EGA - NIR spectroscopy renders relative errors of laboratory vs true glucose data, which. Was set at 3 percent. It was provided for laboratory data from quality control measurements in the entire sample range of serum glucose concentrations. In clinically accurate area A, 89.4 percent of non-invasive data is, and clinically-acceptable zone B contains 10.6 percent of the data.